Lymphedema Management & Complete Decongestive Therapy

What is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema is swelling that can occur when the lymphatic system is affected by surgery, radiation, injury, or other medical conditions. It can cause heaviness, tightness, and changes in mobility. With skilled care, lymphedema can be managed and symptoms can improve over time.

Common causes: Cancer treatment (commonly post- mastectomy surgery, head and neck surgery and radiation), Infection, Injury to lymph vessels, Rare Inherited Conditions (considered primary lymphedema)

**Good News: Early action can help manage symptoms and protect your health!

What is the Lymphatic System?

Your lymphatic system is a key part of your immune health. It moves a clear fluid called lymph throughout your body which removes cellular waste, toxins/bacteria, and plasma proteins, in order to keep the body healthy and fight infections.

The Lymphatic System is made up of Lymph Nodes, Lymph Vessels, and organs like the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and tonsils.

Illustration of the lymphatic system in the chest and torso used to educate patients about breast and head and neck cancer-related lymphedema and lymphatic flow at Ilaaj Physical Therapy and cancer rehab in Los Angeles

Two Phases of Lymphedema Management

Phase 1: Decongestive Phase
An intensive phase focused on reducing swelling through manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, skin care, and exercise.

Phase 2: Maintenance Phase
A lifelong commitment to self-care, including wearing compression garments, skin protection, exercise, and ongoing monitoring to keep swelling controlled.

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Common Lymphedema Triggers

1. Extreme temperatures (hot or cold)
2. Infections or untreated wounds (i.e. animal scratches/insect bites)
3. Prolonged inactivity
4. Limb constriction (avoid tight clothing/jewelry)
5. Air travel without compression wear (*may depend on other risk factors)

Common Signs of Lymphedema:

1. Feeling of heaviness, tightness, or fullness
2. Swelling in an arm, leg, or chest area
3. Skin changes (hardness, redness, warmth)
4. Clothes, jewelry, or shoes feeling tighter
5. Decreased range of motion

**Early signs can be subtle — don't wait to ask for help!